Dog Allergies and Diet : Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
Is your pup scratching, licking, or sneezing more than usual? Chances are they might be dealing with an allergy. Just like us, our four-legged friends suffer from all sorts of allergies that make them feel less than their best. We can help you find the diet and environmental triggers that affect your pet and get them on the path toward well-being.
What is an Allergy?
An allergy is a body's reaction to a substance it views as a harmful "invader." For instance, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance like pollen might cause the immune system (the defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens.
Can Dogs Have Allergies?
You bet they can. Our furry friends can be allergic to many of the same things that cause allergic reactions in people. The big difference is dogs will typically show it through skin problems rather than sneezing.
How Common are Allergies in Dogs?
If you suspect your pup has allergies, you're not alone. Allergies are one of the most common health problems in dogs. Experts say up to 25% of all dogs in the U.S. suffer from allergies. It's not just a human problem.
What are the Different Types of Allergies?
Dogs can have allergic reactions to a variety of things they inhale, eat, or touch. The most common allergies in dogs are:
- Flea allergy dermatitis
- Food allergies
- Environmental allergies (atopy)
Are Allergies Inherited?
While any dog can develop allergies, certain breeds seem to be more prone to them. Flat-faced breeds like Pugs, Bulldogs, and Boston Terriers may more likely develop environmental allergies. So, the answer is yes - allergies can run in the family for dogs, just like with humans.
What are the Most Common Allergens for Dogs?
The most common allergens for dogs are pretty similar to what triggers allergies in people. They include:
- Pollen
- Dust mites
- Mold spores
- Flea bites
- Certain foods (beef, chicken, eggs, corn, wheat, soy)
Symptoms of Allergies in Dogs
How do you know if your dog has allergies? Watch for these telltale signs:
- Itchy, red, moist, or scabbed skin
- Increased scratching
- Itchy, runny eyes
- Itchy ears
- Ear infections
- Sneezing
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Snoring caused by an inflamed throat (especially in short-snouted pups)
- Paw chewing/swollen paws
- Constant licking
Types of Allergic Reactions in Dogs
Just like us, dogs can experience different types of allergic reactions. Here are the most common:
Allergic Dermatitis in Dogs
Allergic dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin caused by an allergic reaction. It's the most common type of allergic reaction in dogs. If your dog has allergic dermatitis, you may notice:
- Excessive scratching, licking, or chewing
- Rashes
- Hives
- Swelling of the face, ears, lips, eyelids, or earflaps
- Red, inflamed skin
- "Elephant skin" or thickened, wrinkled skin
Hives are a common sign of an allergic reaction. They appear as round, raised bumps on the skin and are usually red and very itchy. Hives often pop up within 30 minutes of exposure to an allergen but can appear up to 48 hours later.
Swelling of Face or Throat
In rare cases, an allergic reaction can cause facial swelling. You may see swelling in your dog's lips, eyelids, or earflaps. The swelling can be so severe the dog's eyes are forced shut.
Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a sudden, severe allergic reaction that can be fatal if not treated immediately. Symptoms include:
- Difficulty breathing (throat swelling)
- Weakness
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Pale gums
- Cold limbs
- Collapse
If you suspect your dog is having an anaphylactic reaction, go to the vet immediately. It is a medical emergency. If it is after your normal vet's office hours, then seek help from an emergency veterinary clinic.
Diagnosing Allergies in Dogs
If you think your pup might have allergies, your vet can help diagnose them. They'll likely recommend one or more of the following to determine what's causing your dog's symptoms:
- A physical exam
- A skin test or allergy test
- Blood tests
- Elimination diet trials for food allergies
Is your dog always scratching? Are they off their usual food or do they have diarrhea? They could have a food allergy. In fact, dog food allergies are one of the most common types of allergies in dogs. The most frequent triggers are beef, dairy, egg, chicken, lamb, soy, pork, rabbit, fish, and grains such as wheat and corn. Many dogs are allergic to more than one thing.
Food allergies vs. seasonal/environmental allergies in dogs
Wondering what's causing your dog's allergies? Food allergies in dogs can cause symptoms similar to environmental allergies, like itching and skin problems. There are a few key differences:
- Food allergies tend to cause year-round symptoms
- Environmental allergies are more likely to be seasonal
- Food allergies often cause skin and tummy troubles
- Environmental allergies mostly affect the skin, not the digestive system
Allergies are more than just a nuisance - they can significantly impact your dog's quality of life. Constant itching and discomfort can lead to skin and ear infections, and hair loss. It can make your pup miserable. Allergies can also disrupt their sleep and cause gastrointestinal issues like vomiting and diarrhea. In severe cases, allergic reactions can even be life-threatening. It is important to get to the bottom of your dog's symptoms and start treatment as soon as possible.
What are some common dog allergy treatments?
The best treatment for your dog's allergies depends on the cause. Here are some common options:
- Avoiding the allergen (like certain foods or environmental triggers)
- Omega-3 fatty acids to reduce inflammation
- Regular baths with hypoallergenic shampoo
- Antihistamines to control itching
- Steroids to reduce inflammation and itching
- Immunotherapy (allergy shots)
With a little guidance, you can find the best combination of treatments to get your pup feeling better. That means more cuddles and joy for you both.
Key Takeaway:
Dogs can have allergies just like people. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, and certain foods. If your pup is itching or has digestive troubles, it could be an allergy. Treatment ranges from dietary changes to medications.
FAQs About Common Dog Allergies
What are the most common dog allergies?
Dogs often react to fleas, dust mites, pollen, mold, and certain foods especially corn and wheat. Each triggers itching or digestive issues.
What dogs are most likely to have allergies?
Breeds like Bulldogs, Retrievers, and Terriers tend to sniffle more due to their genetic makeup leaning toward allergic reactions.
How do you find out if your dog has an allergy?
Blood tests or skin prick tests; also watching how your dog reacts after eating or going outside can help you determine if your dog has an allergy.
How do I know if my dog has skin allergies?
If they're always scratching, licking themselves raw, or showing bald spots, it's probably a skin allergy.
Final Thoughts
Dealing with common dog allergies can be difficult, but with the right knowledge and care you can help your furry friend feel better. Every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another.
If you suspect your pup is suffering from an allergy, don't hesitate to seek help. With a little patience, love, and the right approach, you and your furry pal can conquer allergies together. Your dog will thank you for it with plenty of tail wags and sloppy kisses.
